What Kind of ‘Cosmopolitics’? Studying the Eastern Mediterranean Port Cities between East and West

Authors

  • Didem Yerli Leiden University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/12131

Keywords:

Eastern Mediterranean, Port Cities, Cosmopolitics, Urban Studies, Historical Sociology

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to problematize traditional views on Eastern Mediterranean port cities and their so-called liberal cosmopolitan nature during the long nineteenth century by focusing on the production and effects of an East-West dichotomy in the three port cities of Constantinople, Smyrna and Salonica under the administration of the Ottoman Empire. The main aim of this contribution is to elicit debate for further research about the systems within which port cities operated by emphasizing the obstacles this dichotomy brings in the field of the port city research, especially in the Mediterranean region.  In doing so, this paper will try to respond to the growing need for new perspectives on the cosmopolitanism of the present and the future by examining the nature of co-existence in the past.

References

Anastassiadou, Méropi. Salonique, 1830-1912: une ville ottomane à l’âge des Réformes. Leiden, NY: Brill, 1997.

Bourdieu, Pierre. “The Social Space and the Genesis of Groups.” Theory and Society 14, no. 6 (November 1985): 723–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00174048.

Braudel, Fernand. La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II. Paris: Armand Colin, 1949.

Cartier, Carolyn. “Cosmopolitics and the Maritime World City.” Geographical Review 89, no. 2 (April 1999): 278–89. https://doi.org/10.2307/216092.

Çelik, Zeynep. The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520337510.

Cuinet, Vital. La Turquie d’Asie, géographie administrative : statistique, descriptive et raisonnée de chaque province de l’Asie Mineure. Paris: Leroux, 1890. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k415003j. De Amicis, Edmondo. Constantinople. Translated by Caroline Tilton. Stamboul ed. New York; London: Putnam’s, 1896.

Derrida, Jacques. On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness. Translated by Mark Dooley and Michael Hughes. Thinking in Action. London: Routledge, 2001.

Driessen, Henk. “Mediterranean Port Cities: Cosmopolitanism Reconsidered.” History and Anthropology 16, no. 1 (2005): 129–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/0275720042000316669.

Erickson, Brad. “Utopian Virtues: Muslim Neighbors, Ritual Sociality, and the Politics of ‘Convivència.’” American Ethnologist 38, no. 1 (2011): 114–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01296.x.

Fleet, Kate. “The Via Egnatia under Ottoman Rule (1380–1699): The Menzilhanes of the Sol Kol in the Late 17th/Early 18th Century. Halcyon Days in Crete II.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 62, no. 2 (1999): 362–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00017043.

Fortna, Benjamin C. Imperial Classroom: Islam, the State, and Education in the Late Ottoman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Freitag, Ulrike. “‘Cosmopolitanism’ and ‘Conviviality’? Some Conceptual Considerations Concerning the Late Ottoman Empire.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 17, no. 4 (2014): 375–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549413510417.

Fuhrmann, Malte. Port Cities of the Eastern Mediterranean: Urban Culture in the Late Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108769716.

Gehin, Etienne, and Pierre Bourdieu. “La distinction, critique sociale du jugement.” Revue Française de Sociologie 21, no. 3 (1980): 439–44. https://doi.org/10.2307/3320934.

Gekas, Athanasios. “Class and Cosmopolitanism: The Historiographical Fortunes of Merchants in Eastern Mediterranean Ports.” Mediterranean Historical Review 24, no. 2 (2009): 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518960903487966.

Goffman, Daniel, Edhem Eldem, and Bruce Masters. The Ottoman City between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir, and Istanbul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Hanley, Will. “Grieving Cosmopolitanism in Middle East Studies.” History Compass 6, no. 5 (2008): 1346– 67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00545.x.

Hein, Carola. “The Port Cityscape: Spatial and Institutional Approaches to Port City Relationships.” PORTUSplus 8 (2019). https://portusplus.org/index.php/pp/article/view/190.

Huntington, Samuel P. “The Clash of Civilizations?” In Readings in Globalization: Key Concepts and Major Debates, edited by George Ritzer and Zeynep Atalay, 23–28. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Karatzoglou, Giannēs. The Imperial Ottoman Bank in Salonica: The First 25 Years, 1864-1890. Istanbul: Ottoman Bank Archives & Research Centre, 2003.

Kütükoğlu, Mübahat S. Balta Limanı’na giden yol: Osmanlı-İngiliz iktisâdî münâsebetler. Ankara: Türk Kültürünü Araştırma Enstitüsü, 1974.

———. İzmir tarihinden kesitler. İzmir: İzmir Yayıncılık, 2000.

Mah, Alice. Port Cities and Global Legacies: Urban Identity, Waterfront Work, and Radicalism. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137283146.

Marshall, Richard, ed. Waterfronts in Post-Industrial Cities. London; New York: Spon Press, 2001.

Martal, Abdullah. Belgelerle Osmanlı döneminde İzmir. Izmir: Yazıt Yayıncılık, 2007.

Mazower, Mark. Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews 1430-1950. New York, NY: Vintage Books, 2006.

Morack, Ellinor. “Turkifying Poverty, or: The Phantom Pain of Izmir’s Lost Christian Working Class, 1924– 26.” Middle Eastern Studies 55, no. 4 (2019): 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2018.155915 7.

Nakano, Lynne Y. “Writing for Common Ground: Rethinking Audience and Purpose in Japan Anthropology.” In Dismantling the East-West Dichotomy: Essays in Honour of Jan Van Bremen, edited by Joy Hendry and Heung Wah Wong. New York: Routledge, 2006. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203968697.

Osterhammel, Jürgen. The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400849949.

Quataert, Donald, ed. Manufacturing in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, 1500-1950. SUNY Series in the Social and Economic History of the Middle East. New York: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Salve-Villedieu, Ernest de. “Le lyçée impérial de Galata-Séraï.” Revue des deux mondes, no. 5 (1874): 836–53.

Ülken, Hilmi Ziya. Türkiye’de çağdaş düşünce tarihi. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 2015.

Varlik, Nükhet. “Plague, Conflict, and Negotiation: The Jewish Broadcloth Weavers of Salonica and the Ottoman Central Administration in the Late Sixteenth Century.” Jewish History 28, no. 3–4 (2014): 261–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10835-014-9219-9.

Vertovec, Steven, and Robin Cohen, eds. Conceiving Cosmopolitanism: Theory, Context and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Zandi-Sayek, Sibel. Ottoman Izmir: The Rise of a Cosmopolitan Port, 1840/1880. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press, 2012. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10534325.

Zürcher, Erik-Jan. The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk’s Turkey. London; New York: I.B.Tauris, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755610761.

Downloads

Published

2021-08-02

How to Cite

Yerli, D. (2021). What Kind of ‘Cosmopolitics’? Studying the Eastern Mediterranean Port Cities between East and West. European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes, 4(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/12131