Mapping Sustainable Futures: Cartographic Maps’ Role in Citizen Science for Participatory Research in Sustainable Urban Mobility

Authors

  • Teresa Carlone Università di Bologna
  • Selene Tondini Università di Bologna

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2612-0496/19166

Keywords:

Citizen science, mapping serious game, sustainable urban mobility, participatory geographical information system

Abstract

Nowadays, climate change shows irreversible consequences for the well-being of humanity, territories, and resources. The city of Bologna (Italy) is facing environmental, societal, and digital challenges that are currently featured in urban spaces worldwide: air pollution and intense urban mobility, due to anthropic activities and ever-increasing urbanization. To tackle these issues, the H2020 I-CHANGE project “Individual Change of HAbits Needed for Green European transition” aims to illustrate the possibility of collective behavioral change by engaging civil society in citizen science initiatives (Goudeseune et al., 2020; Vohland, 2021). Emphasizing climate change awareness and sustainable lifestyles, the research prioritizes openness, accessibility, and participatory knowledge production. Investigating cartographic maps’ role in citizen science, the study explores behavioral shifts towards sustainability. This contribution proposes the “Mani in Mappa!” (Hands on maps) initiative as a potential citizen science activity that involves maps as a dynamic tool for scientific research, education, and participation. The scientific component involves applying the concept of citizen science, engaging people in the shared collection and processing of data on Bologna’s mobility system. The educational dimension is expressed through serious games, transforming gaming into a tool for message transmission, information exchange, and training. Finally, participation is facilitated by using geographic information systems for public involvement. This multidimensional approach aims to enhance active citizen awareness in sustainable urban mobility and to promote behavioral change to sustainable mobility.

References

Abson, David J., Joern Fischer, Julia Leventon, Jens Newig, Thomas Schomerus, Ulli Vilsmaier, Henrik Von

Wehrden, et al. 2016. “Leverage Points for Sustainability Transformation.” AMBIO 46 (1): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-016-0800-y

Albert, Alexandra, Bálint Balázs, Eglė Butkevičienė, Katja Mayer, and Josep Perelló. “Citizen social science:

New and established approaches to participation in social research.” Chapter 7, pp: 119-138 In Vohland

K. et al. (Eds). The Science of Citizen Science. Springer, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4

Alvarez, Julian, and Damien Djaouti. “An introduction to Serious game Definitions and concepts.” Serious

games & simulation for risks management 11, no. 1 (2011): 11-15.

Balázs, Bálint, Peter Mooney, Eva Nováková, Lucy Bastin, and Jamal Jokar Arsanjani. “Data quality in citizen

science.” The science of citizen science 139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_8

Bellotti, Francesco, Bill Kapralos, Kiju Lee, Pablo Moreno-Ger, and Riccardo Berta. “Assessment in

and of serious games: An overview.” Advances in human-computer interaction (2013): 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/136864

Kareborn, Birgitta Bergvall, and Anna Stahlbrost. “Living Lab: An Open and Citizen-centric Approach for

Innovation.” International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development 1, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 356.

https://doi.org/10.1504/ijird.2009.022727

Bonney, Rick, Jennifer L. Shirk, Tina B. Phillips, Andrea Wiggins, Heidi L. Ballard, Abraham J. Miller-Rushing,

and Julia K. Parrish. “Next steps for citizen science.” Science 343, no. 6178 (2014): 1436-1437. https://doi.

org/10.1126/science.1251554

Bonney, Rick, Tina B. Phillips, Heidi L. Ballard, and Jody W. Enck. “Can citizen science enhance public

understanding of science?” Public understanding of science 25, no. 1 (2016): 2-16. https://doi.

org/10.1177/0963662515607406

Brundtland, Gro H. Our Common Future: Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development.

Geneva: UN-Dokument A/42/427, 1987.

Burini, Federica. Cartografia partecipativa. Mapping per la governance ambientale e urbana. Franco Angeli,

2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10446/75688

Cannon-Bowers, Jan, and Clint Bowers. “Synthetic learning environments: On developing a science of simulation,

games, and virtual worlds for training.” In Learning, training, and development in organizations, 229-

261. Routledge, 2009.

Carayannis, Elias G., Thorsten D. Barth, and David FJ Campbell. “The Quintuple Helix innovation model:

global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation.” Journal of innovation and entrepreneurship 1

(2012): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-1-2

Casti, Emanuela. Cartografia critica. Dal topos alla chora. goWare & Guerini Associati, 2020.

Chronéer, Diana, Anna Ståhlbröst, and Abdolrasoul Habibipour. “Urban Living Labs: Towards an Integrated

Understanding of Their Key Components.” Technology Innovation Management Review 9, no. 3 (March 26,

2019): 50–62. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1224

Cohn, Jeffrey P. “Citizen science: Can volunteers do real research?” BioScience 58, no. 3 (2008): 192-197.

https://doi.org/10.1641/B580303

Cooper, Seth, Firas Khatib, Adrien Treuille, Janos Barbero, Jeehyung Lee, Michael Beenen, Andrew Leaver-Fay, David Baker, and Zoran Popović. “Predicting protein structures with a multiplayer online game.”

Nature 466, no. 7307 (2010): 756-760. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09304

Corner, J. “The Agency of Mapping: Speculation, Critique and Invention.” In The Map Reader, edited by Martin

Dodge, Rob Kitchin, and Chris Perkins, 89-101. Wiley Books, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470979587.

ch12

Cravero, Sara. “Methods, strategies and tools to improve citizens’ engagement in the smart cities’ context: A

Serious Game classification.” Valori e Valutazioni 24 (2020) https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/

methods-strategies-tools-improve-citizens/docview/2529186058/se-2

Di Sabatino, Silvana, Erika Brattich, Francesca Di Nicola, Francesco Barbano, Muhammad Adnan, Shiraz

Ahmed, Kristi Jylhä, Kimmo Ruosteenoja, Marco Deserti, Chiara Agostini, and Vanes Poluzzi. Report on policy

options for AQ and CC. iSCAPE Project, 2019. https://www.iscapeproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/

iSCAPE_D4.5_Report-on-policy-options-for-AQ-and-CC.pdf

De-Marcos, Luis, Adrián Domínguez, Joseba Saenz-de-Navarrete, and Carmen Pagés. “An empirical study

comparing gamification and social networking on e-learning.” Computers & education 75 (2014): 82-91.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.012

Dodson, Jago, Gleeson, Brendan and Sipe, Brendan. “Transport Disadvantage and Social Status: A review

of literature and methods.” Urban Policy Program Research Monograph 5 (2004).

Dörner, Ralf, Stefan Göbel, Wolfgang Effelsberg, and Josef Wiemeyer. Serious games. Cham: Springer,

2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40612-1

Eitzel, Melissa, Jessica Cappadonna, Chris Santos-Lang, Ruth Duerr, Sarah Elizabeth West, Arika Virapongse,

Christopher Kyba et al. “Citizen science terminology matters: Exploring key terms.” Citizen science: Theory

and practice (2017): 1-20. https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/117418/

Eriksson, Mats, Veli-Pekka Niitamo, and Seija Kulkki. “State-of-the-art in utilizing Living Labs approach

to user-centric ICT innovation-a European approach.” Lulea: Center for Distance-Spanning Technology.

Lulea University of Technology Sweden: Lulea (2005). Online under: http://www.cdt.ltu.se/main.php/SOA_

LivingLabs.pdf?fileitem=2402350

Feurstein, Karin, Alexander Hesmer, Karl A. Hribernik, K. D. Thoben, and J. Schumacher. “Living Labs: a new

development strategy.” European Living Labs-a new approach for human centric regional innovation (2008):

1-14.

Frigerio, Didone, Anett Richter, Esra Per, Baiba Pruse, and Katrin Vohland. “Citizen science in the natural

sciences.” The science of citizen science (2021): 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_5

Gauvin, Laetitia, Michele Tizzoni, Simone Piaggesi, Andrew Young, Natalia Adler, Stefaan Verhulst, Leo

Ferres, and Ciro Cattuto. “Gender Gaps in Urban Mobility.” Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

7, no. 1 (June 17, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-0500-x

Giorgi, Alberta, Micol Pizzolati, and Elena Vacchelli. Metodi creativi per la ricerca sociale. Contesto, pratiche

e strumenti. Il mulino, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10446/171277

Goudeseune, Lise, Hilde Eggermont, Quentin J. Groom, Xavier Le Roux, Carole Paleco, Helen Elizabeth Roy,

and T.C.G.E. van Noordwijk. “Citizen Science Toolkit for Biodiversity Scientists”. Zenodo, November 6, 2020.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3979343

Haklay, Mordechai Muki, Daniel Dörler, Florian Heigl, Marina Manzoni, Susanne Hecker, and Katrin Vohland.

“What is citizen science? The challenges of definition.” The science of citizen science 13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_2

Hall, Tom, and Robin J Smith. “Knowing the City: Maps, Mobility and Urban Outreach Work.” Qualitative

Research 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2013): 294–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112469623

Harley, John Brian. The new nature of maps: essays in the history of cartography. No. 2002. JHU Press, 2002.

Hossain, Mokter, Seppo Leminen, and Mika Westerlund. “A systematic review of living lab literature.” Journal

of cleaner production 213 (2019): 976-988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.257

Kara, Nuri. “A systematic review of the use of serious games in science education.” Contemporary Educational

Technology 13, no. 2 (2021): ep295. https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/9608

Kollmuss, Anja, and Julian Agyeman. “Mind the gap: why do people act environmentally and what are the

barriers to pro-environmental behavior?” Environmental education research 8, no. 3 (2002): 239-260. https://

doi.org/10.1080/1350462022014540

Kullenberg, Christopher, and Dick Kasperowski. “What is citizen science? A scientometric meta-analysis.”

PloS one 11, no. 1 (2016): e0147152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147152

Lucas, Karen. “Transport and social disadvantage: A review and agenda for future research”, Transport

Reviews 39, no. 3 (2019): 316-334

Lucas, Karen. “A new evolution for transport-related social exclusion research?” Journal of transport geography

81 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102529

Lucas, Karen. “Transport and social exclusion: Where are we now?” Transport policy 20 (2012): 105-113.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.01.013

Lupi, Giorgia, and Stefanie Posavec. Dear data. Chronicle books, 2016.

Lupi, Giorgia, Data Humanism, the Revolution will be Visualized. Medium press, 2017.

Lynch, Kevin. The image of the city. Boston: MIT press, 1964.

Mitchell, Sandra D. Unsimple truths: Science, complexity, and policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

2009.

Moretti, Franco. Atlas of the European Novel: 1800-1900. United Kingdom: Verso Books, 1999.

Paranthaman, Pratheep K., Gautam R. Dange, Francesco Bellotti, Riccardo Berta, Alessandro De Gloria,

Ermanno Di Zitti, Stefano Massucco, and Giuseppe Sciutto. “A Serious Game Architecture for Green Mobility.”

In Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society: APPLEPIES 2016, 66-76. Springer

International Publishing, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55071-8_9

Piera, Jaume, Karen Adriana Soacha Godoy, Sonia Liñan, Carlos Rodero García, Xavier Salvador, and Ana

Álvarez. “European Citizen Science Association (2022). Conference Proceedings.” (2022).

Powell, Kimberly. “Making Sense of Place: Mapping as a Multisensory Research Method.” Qualitative Inquiry

16, no. 7 (June 16, 2010): 539–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800410372600

Radović, Darko. “Measuring the Non-measurable: On Mapping Subjectivities in Urban Research.” City Culture

and Society 7, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2015.10.003

Rambaldi, Giacomo, Peter A. Kwaku Kyem, Mike McCall, and Daniel Weiner. “Participatory spatial information

management and communication in developing countries.” The electronic journal of information

systems in developing countries 25, no. 1 (2006): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00162.x

Riesch, Hauke, and Clive Potter. “Citizen science as seen by scientists: Methodological, epistemological

and ethical dimensions.” Public understanding of science 23, no. 1 (2014): 107-120. https://doi.

org/10.1177/0963662513497324

Rodrigues, Margarida, and Mário Franco. “Importance of living labs in urban Entrepreneurship: A Portuguese

case study.” Journal of Cleaner Production 180 (2018): 780-789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.150

Rogers, Deborah S. “Socioeconomic Equity and Sustainability.” In Global Environmental Change, 933–41,

2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5784-4_62

Schaffers, Hans, and Petra Turkama. “Living labs for cross-border systemic innovation.” Technology Innovation

Management Review 2, no. 9 (2012). http://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/605

Schwanen, Tim. “Transport geography, climate change and space: opportunity for new thinking.” Journal of

Transport Geography 81 (2019): 102530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102530

Silvertown, Jonathan, Christina D. Buesching, Susan K. Jacobson, and Tony Rebelo. “Citizen science and nature

conservation.” Key topics in conservation biology 2 (2013): 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118520178.ch8

Soini, Katriina, Carl Cyrus Anderson, Annemarie Polderman, Carlone Teresa, Debele Sisay, Prashant Kumar,

Matteo Mannocchi, et al. “Context Matters: Co-creating Nature-based Solutions in Rural Living Labs.” Land

Use Policy 133 (August 7, 2023): 106839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106839

Thiel, Sarah-Kristin, and Peter Fröhlich. “Gamification as motivation to engage in location-based public participation?”

In Progress in location-based services 2016, 399-421. Springer International Publishing, 2017. https://

doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47289-8_20

Tyrinopoulos, Yannis, and Constantinos Antoniou. “Factors Affecting Modal Choice in Urban Mobility.” European

Transport Research Review 5, no. 1 (December 17, 2012): 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12544-012-0088-3

Vallet, Flore, Jakob Puchinger, Alexandra Millonig, Guillaume Lamé, and Isabelle Nicolaï. “Tangible Futures:

Combining Scenario Thinking and Personas - a Pilot Study on Urban Mobility.” Futures 117 (January 13, 2020):

102513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102513

Vohland, Katrin, Anne Land-Zandstra, Luigi Ceccaroni, Rob Lemmens, Josep Perelló, Marisa Ponti, Roeland

Samson, and Katherin Wagenknecht. The science of citizen science. Springer Nature, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4

Wiggins, Andrea, and Kevin Crowston. “From conservation to crowdsourcing: A typology of citizen science.”

In 2011 44th Hawaii international conference on system sciences, 1-10. IEEE, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2011.207

Williams, Stephen, and John Robinson. “Measuring Sustainability: An Evaluation Framework for Sustainability

Transition Experiments.” Environmental Science & Policy 103 (November 6, 2019): 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2019.10.012

Yang, Liu, Lufeng Zhang, Andreas Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos, Emile JL Chappin, and Koen H. van Dam.

“Integrating agent-based modeling, serious gaming, and co-design for planning transport infrastructure and

public spaces.” Urban Design International 26, no. 1 (2021): 67-81. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41289-020-00117-7

Zavratnik, Veronika, Argene Superina, and Emilija Stojmenova Duh. 2019. “Living Labs for Rural Areas:

Contextualization of Living Lab Frameworks, Concepts and Practices” Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143797

Downloads

Published

2025-10-15

How to Cite

Carlone, T., & Tondini, S. (2024). Mapping Sustainable Futures: Cartographic Maps’ Role in Citizen Science for Participatory Research in Sustainable Urban Mobility. European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes, 7(1), 165–196. https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2612-0496/19166