The Brand-new Riverfront and the Historical Centre: Narratives and Open Questions in Contemporary Ahmedabad, India

Authors

  • Gloria Pessina Politecnico di Milano

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/8746

Keywords:

water heritage, displacement, riverfront development, UNESCO World Heritage

Abstract

In 2002, the city of Ahmedabad (India) was profoundly shaken by severe interreligious riots. Subsequent years saw deep transformations in the image of the city and the consolidation of the right-wing Hindu nationalist party in the local and supra-local political arena. This article investigates some of the spatial manifestations of an urban transformation involving the valorization of historical heritage. The article focuses in particular on the large-scale Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project, which began in 2005 and remains ongoing, and on the inclusion of the historical center of Ahmedabad in the World Heritage List in 2017. The two developments have profoundly reshaped the image of the city and its river. The article offers an analysis of the city's transformations and of the related rhetoric promoted by the local governing coalition. It highlights the city's role in shaping a vision of a global, sustainable and historic metropolis.

References

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. World Heritage City Amdavad (2017). Accessed June 10, 2019 at https://heritage.ahmedabadcity.gov.in.

Appadurai, Arjun (ed.). The social life of things. Commodities in cultural perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Bhatt, Chirayu. “Reclaiming the Sabarmati Riverfront.” In Regenerating Urban Land. A Practitioner’s Guide to Leveraging Private Investment, edited by Rana Amirtahmasebi, Mariana Orloff, Sameh Wahba and Andrew Altman, 251-283. Washington: The World Bank, 2016.

Bobbio, Tommaso. “Making Gujarat vibrant: Hindutva, development and the rise of subnationalism in India.” Third World Quarterly 33, no. 4 (Spring 2012): 657-672. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2012.657423.

Boltanski, Luc, and Arnaud Esquerre. “Grappling with the Economy of Enrichment.” Valuation Studies 3, no.1 (Fall 2015): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.3384/VS.2001-5592.153175.

———. Enrichissement: une critique de la merchandise. Paris: Gallimard, 2017.

Brenner, Neil. “Global Cities, Glocal States: Global City Formation and State. Territorial Restructuring in Contemporary Europe”, Review of International Political Economy, 5, no.1 (Spring 1998): 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1080/096922998347633.

———. New state spaces. Urban governance and the rescaling of statehood. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Castells, Manuel. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002.

CEPT University. “CEPT Interactive Workshop. Final report”, CEPT University, 2009.

Choudhuri, Piyas. “Re-structuring the development along a non-perennial river. Case: Sabarmati river.” MSc thesis, CEPT University, 2009.

D’Eramo, Marco. Il selfie del mondo. Indagine sull’età del turismo. Milano: Feltrinelli, 2017.

Da Costa, Dia. “Sentimental Capitalism in Contemporary India: Art, Heritage, and Development in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.” Antipode 47, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 74-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12103.

———. Politicizing Creative Economy. Activism and a Hunger called Theatre. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2016.

———. “‘Heritage City’ Ahmedabad Was Built Through Violence and Exclusion.” The Wire India (August 11, 2017). Accessed June 10, 2019 at https://www.thewire.in/society/ahmedabad-heritage-city-violence-exclusion/amp.

De Cesari, Chiara and Rozita Dimova. “Heritage, gentrification, participation: remaking urban landscapes in the name of culture and historic preservation.” International Journal of Heritage Studies 25, no. 9 (2019): 863-869. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1512515.

Desai, Jigna. Equity in Heritage Conservation. The Case of Ahmedabad, India. Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2019.

Desai, Renu. “The Globalizing City in the Time of Hindutva: The Politics of Urban Development and Citizenship in Ahmedabad, India.” PhD dissertation. Berkeley: University of California, 2010.

———, “Governing the Urban Poor: Riverfront Development, Slum Resettlement and the Politics of Inclusion in Ahmedabad.” Economic and Political Weekly 47, no.2 (January 2012): 49-56.

———. “Entrepreneurial Urbanism in the Time of the Hindutva. City Imagineering, Place marketing, and Citizenship in Ahmedabad.” In Urbanizing Citizenship. Contested spaces in Indian cities, edited by Renu Desai and Romola Sanyal, 31-57. London: SAGE Publications, 2012.

———. “Municipal Politics, Court Sympathy and Housing Rights: A Post-Mortem of Displacement and Resettlement under the Sabarmati Riverfront Project, Ahmedabad.” Working paper, n. 23, Centre for Urban Equity, CEPT University (May 2014).

———. “Urban Planning, Water Provisioning, and Infrastructural Violence at Public Housing Resettlement Sites in Ahmedabad, India.” Water Alternatives 11, no.1 (2018): 86-105.

EPC. Proposal for the Sabarmati Riverfront Development. Ahmedabad: Environmental Planning Collaborative, 1998.

Fenk, Anne-Katrin, and Karsten Scheffer. “Sabarmati Riverfront Development Project.” TOPOS 68 (2009): 42-45.

Florida, Richard. The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle-Class – And What We Can Do about It. New York: Basic Books, 2017.

Harvey, David. The urbanization of capital. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.

———. The condition of postmodernity. An enquiry into the origins of cultural change. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.

Hein, Carola (ed.). Port Cities: Dynamic Landscapes and Global networks. London: Routledge, 2011.

Herzfeld, Michael. Evicted from Eternity: The Restructuring of Modern Rome. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2009.

———. “Engagement, Gentrification, and the Neoliberal Hijacking of History.” Current Anthropology 51, no. S2 (October 2010): 259-67. https://doi.org/10.1086/653420.

Human Rights Watch. “We have no order to save you”: State Participation and Complicity in Communal Violence in Gujarat. New York: Human Rights Watch, 2002.

Illich, Ivan. H2O and the Waters of Forgetfulness. Reflections on the Historicity of “Stuff.” Berkeley: Heyday Books, 1985.

Jaffrelot, Christophe. “No Model state.” The Indian Express (6 September 2013). Accessed November 22, 2019 at https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/no-model-state/.

Jaffrelot, Christophe and Charlotte Thomas. “Facing ghettoization in ‘Riot-city’: Old Ahmedabad and Juhapura between victimization and self-help.” In Muslims in Indian Cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation, edited by Christophe Jaffrelot and Laurent Gayer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Lefebvre, Henri. The production of space. Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.

Luxion, Mona. “Nation building, Industrialisation, and Spectacle: Political Functions of Gujarat’s Narmada Pipeline Project.” Water Alternatives 10, no. 2 (June 2017): 208-232.

Mahadevia, Darshini. “A city with many borders: beyond ghettoisation in Ahmedabad.” In Indian Cities in Transition, edited by Annapurna Shaw. Orient Longman: New Delhi, 2007.

Mahadevia, Darshini, Renu Desai and Viyas Suchita. “City Profile: Ahmedabad.” Working Paper, n.26 (September 2014), Centre for Urban Equity, CEPT University (2014).

Mathur, Navdeep. “On the Sabarmati riverfront: Urban planning as totalitarian governance in Ahmedabad.” Economic and Political Weekly 47, no.47/48 (December 2012): 64-75.

MHUPA (Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India). “Modified Guidelines for Sub-Mission on Basic Services to the Urban Poor (BSUP), Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM).” New Delhi: Government of India, 2009.

Pandya, Yatin and Trupti Rawal. The Ahmedabad chronicle, imprints of a millennium. Ahmedabad: Vastu Shilpa Foundation for Environmental Design, 2002.

Patel, Girish. "Narendra Modi's One-Day Cricket Match." Economic and Political Weekly 37, no.48 (November 2002): 4826-4837.

Pessina, Gloria. “Sustainable for whom? Projects and opinions on the Sabarmati river in Ahmedabad”, final report, Movin’UP/GAI and Vastu Shilpa Fellowship, Ahmedabad: Vastu Shilpa Foundation for Studies and Research in Environmental Design, 2011.

———. “‘Società idrauliche’ contemporanee: uno sguardo sul Gujarat, India” In Acqua universale. Promesse e prospettive di una risorsa, edited by Bianca Dendena. Milano: Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, 2018.

———. “The ‘Missing Conflict’ of the Sabarmati Riverfront. Authoritarian Governance, Neoliberalism and Water in Ahmedabad, India.” PA.CO. Partecipazione e Conflitto 11, no.3. Special issue: Ten years of PA.CO., edited by Alice Mattoni and Louisa Parks (December 2018): 692-716.

Pradhan, Amruta. “Riverfront Development Project in India: Cosmetic Make-Up on Deep Wounds.” SANDRP (September 17, 2014). Accessed June 10, 2019 at https://www.sandrp.in/2014/09/17/riverfront-deveoplment-in-india-cosmetic-make-up-on-deep-wounds/amp/.

Porfyriou, Heleni and Marichela Sepe. Waterfronts revisited. European ports in a historic and global perspective. London: Routledge, 2016.

Rao, Mohan S. “Sabarmati Riverfront Development. An Alternate Perspective.” LA Journal of Landscape Architecture 36 (2012): 70-73.

Sabarmati River Front Development Corporation Ltd (SRFDCL). “Sabarmati Riverfront. Reconnecting Ahmedabad to its River” (2014). Accessed June 10, 2019 at https://sabarmatiriverfront.com.

Settis, Salvatore. If Venice Dies, translated by André Naffis-sahely. New York: New Vessel Press, 2016.

Sheth, Priyanka, Tanvi Jain and Riyaz Tayyibji. Stepwells of Ahmedabad – Exhibition at Yale Architecture. Ahmedabad: Anthill Design, 2018.

Spodek, Howard. Ahmedabad: Shock City of Twentieth-Century India. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.

Swyngedouw, Erik. “Authoritarian governance, power, and the politics of rescaling.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 18 (2000): 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1068/d9s.

———. “Globalization or 'Glocalization'? Networks, Territories and Rescaling.” Cambridge Review of International Affairs 17, no.1 (2004): 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/0955757042000203632.

Tayyibji, Riyaz. AMD. Ahmedabad. New Delhi: Bloomsbury India, 2017.

UNESCO, “Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape” (2011) Accessed June 10, 2019 at https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-638-98.pdf.

UNESCO. “Historic city of Ahmadabad” (2017). Accessed June 10, 2019 at https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1551.

Vasavada, Rabindra. “Evolving Scenario of Architecture in Gujarat: an overview.” Seminar (India) Magazine (1998). Accessed November 22, 2019 at https://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-21243.

Ward, Stephen V. “Port Cities and the Global Exchange of Planning Ideas.” In Port Cities: Dynamic Landscapes and Global Networks, edited by Carola Hein. London: Routledge, 2011.

Yagnik, Achyut and Suchitra Sheth. The shaping of modern Gujarat. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2005.

———. Ahmedabad. From Royal City to Megacity. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 2011.

Downloads

Published

2019-12-20

How to Cite

Pessina, G. (2019). The Brand-new Riverfront and the Historical Centre: Narratives and Open Questions in Contemporary Ahmedabad, India. European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes, 2(1), 65–92. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/8746