Where Is Berlin? Cultural Commons and Urban Policy Among Real and Virtual Walls

Authors

  • Chiara Carolina Donelli University of Parma http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2071-0435
  • Michele Trimarchi Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/9126

Keywords:

social dynamics, urban strategies, cultural commons, art system, localisation

Abstract

“Poor but Sexy” is Berlin, in a well-known institutional slogan. The city has experienced a unique evolution since the end of World War II and the Cold War years, attracting creative talents who crafted a metropolitan and cosmopolitan network of fertile connections and exchanges. Berlin appears to be structured in micro-areas: kiez8 is the urban and social unit, a small commons where shared views and actions define the neighbourhood. Since the fall of the Wall, the Berlin community has lived in a multiple-layered town whose dynamics revealed many contradictions, due to the virtual walls and maps that end up opposing to the elaboration of a consistent metropolitan strategy. This article discusses the role of cultural commons in urban development, which do not fit a unique model or mechanism. An effective administrative action can encourage the diffusion and location of creative industries and cultural enterprises, generating a sustainable value chain for Berlin’s identity, based upon cultural commons.

References

Bauausstellung Berlin GmbH, and Internationale Bauausstellung Berlin. The City Center as a Place to Live: Efforts in Careful Urban Renewal. Berlin: Bauausstellung Berlin, 1984.

Bernt, Matthias. Stadterneuerung Unter Aufwertungsdruck. Sinzheim: Pro-Universitate-Verl., 1998.

Bernt, Matthias, and Andrej Holm. “Exploring the Substance and Style of Gentrification: Berlin’s ‘Prenzlberg’.” In Gentrification in a Global Context: The New Urban Colonialism, edited by Rowland Atkinson and Gary Bridge, 107–26. London; New York: Routledge, 2005.

Bertacchini, Enrico, Giangiacomo Bravo, Massimo Marrelli, and Walter Santagata, eds. Cultural Commons: A New Perspective on the Production and Evolution of Cultures. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2012.

Blasius, Jörg. “Verdrängungen in Einem Gentrifizierten Gebiet.” In Lebensstile in Den Städten: Konzepte Und Methoden, edited by Jens S. Dangschat and Jörg Blasius, 408–25. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-10618-0_26.

Catalyst, Studio Urban. “Urban Catalysts. Strategies for Temporary Uses—Potential for Development of Urban Residual Areas in European Metropolises.” Berlin, 2003. www.templace.com/think-pool/one786f.html?think_id=4272.

Colomb, Claire. “Pushing the Urban Frontier: Temporary Uses of Space, City Marketing and the Creative City Discourse in 2000s Berlin.” Journal of Urban Affairs 34, no. 2 (2012): 131–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2012.00607.x.

———. Staging the New Berlin: Place Marketing and the Politics of Urban Reinvention Post-1989. London: Routledge, 2012.

Colomb, Claire, Ares Kalandides, Gregory Ashworth, and Kavaratzis Mihalis. “The ’Be Berlin’ Campaign. Old Wine in New Bottles or Innovative Form of Participatory Place Branding?” In Towards Effective Place Brand Management: Branding European Cities and Regions, 173–90. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2010.

Donelli, Chiara. “Where Is Berlin? Too Many (Virtual) Walls Shape the Town and Its Communities.” Tafter Journal 83 (August 2015). https://www.tafterjournal.it/2015/07/15/where-is-berlin-too-many-virtual-walls-shape-the-town-and-its-communities/.

Florida, Richard. The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. New York: Basic Books, 2002.

Florida, Richard L. Cities and the Creative Class. New York, N.Y.; London: Routledge, 2005.

Graw, Isabelle. “The Myth of Remoteness from the Market.” Texte Zur Kunst 94 (2014).

Grésillon, Boris. “Berlin, Cultural Metropolis: Changes in the Cultural Geography of Berlin Since Reunification.” Ecumene 6, no. 3 (July 1999): 284–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/096746089900600303.

Harvey, David. Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution, 2012.

Haydn, Florian, and Robert Temel. Temporary Urban Spaces: Concepts for the Use of City Spaces. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2006.

Holm, Andrej. “Berlin’s Gentrification Mainstream.” In The Berlin Reader: A Compendium on Urban Change and Activism, edited by Matthias Bernt, Britta Grell, and Andrej Holm, 171–88. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2013.

Krätke, Stefan. “Berlins Umbau Zur Neuen Metropole.” Leviathan 19, no. 3 (1991): 327–52. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23984081.

———. “City of Talents? Berlin’s Regional Economy, Socio-Spatial Fabric and ‘Worst Practice’ Urban Governance.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 28, no. 3 (2004): 511–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00533.x.

Ladd, Brian. The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Landry, Charles, and Franco Bianchini. The Creative City. London: Demos in association with Comedia, 1995.

Lees, Loretta, Tom Slater, and Elvin Wyly. Gentrification. New York: Routledge, 2008.

Lenna, Verena, and Michele Trimarchi. “For a Culture of Urban Commons. Practices and Policies.” In Art and Economics in the City: New Cultural Maps, edited by Caterina Benincasa, Gianfranco Neri, and Michele Trimarchi, 205–42. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2019.

Mayer, Margit. “New Lines of Division in the New Berlin.” In Toward a New Metropolitanism Reconstituing Public Culture, Urban Citizenship, and the Multiculural Imaginary in New York and Berlin, edited by Antje Dallmann, Günter H Lenz, and Friedrich Ulfers, 171–83. Heidelberg: Winter, 2006.

Novy, Johannes. “What’s New About New Tourism? And What Do Recent Change in Travel Implies for the ’Tourist City’ Berlin.” In The Tourist City Berlin: Tourism and Architecture, edited by Jana Richter. Salenstein: Braun, 2010.

Novy, Johannes, and Sandra Huning. “New Tourism (Areas) in the ’New Berlin’.” In World Tourism Cities: Developing Tourism Off the Beaten Track, edited by Robert Maitland and Peter Newman. London; New York: Routledge, 2009.

Overmeyer, Klaus, Holger Lauinger, Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung, and Studio UC. Urban Pioneers: Temporary Use and Urban Development in Berlin = Berlin: Stadtentwicklung Durch Zwischennutzung. Berlin: Jovis, 2007.

Parkinson, Michael, and Franco Bianchini. Cultural Policy and Urban Regeneration: The West European Experience. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.

Seldin, Claudia. “The Creative Shift—Considerations on the 21st Century Approach to Cultural Urban Planning: The Case of Berlin.” Culture + Urban Space 65 (2014). https://cultureurbanspace.interartive.org/creative-seldin.

Shaw, Kate. “The Place of Alternative Culture and the Politics of Its Protection in Berlin, Amsterdam and Melbourne.” Planning Theory & Practice 6, no. 2 (June 2005): 149–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649350500136830.

Smith, Neil. “New Globalism, New Urbanism: Gentrification as Global Urban Strategy.” Antipode 34, no. 3 (2002): 427–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00249.

Sorkin, Michael. Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space. New York, NY: Hill; Wang, 1992.

Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, Senatsverwaltung für. “Berlin Strategie 2030.” Berlin: Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt, 2015. http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/planen/stadtentwicklungskonzept/.

Strategieentwicklung (IFSE), Institut für. “Studio Berlin II. In Kooperation Mit Dem Neuen Berliner Kunstverein (N.b.k.).” Berlin: Institut für Strategieentwicklung (IFSE), June 2011.

———. “Studio Berlin. In Kooperation Mit Dem Neuen Berliner Kunstverein (N.b.k.).” Berlin: Institut für Strategieentwicklung (IFSE), June 2010.

Strom, Elizabeth A. Building the New Berlin: The Politics of Urban Development in Germany’s Capital City. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2001.

Vivant, Elsa. “Creatives in the City: Urban Contradictions of the Creative City.” City, Culture and Society 4, no. 2 (June 2013): 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.02.003.

Wilder, Charly. “Debate Pits Modern Art Against Old Masters.” Der Spiegel, September 2012. https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/berlin-s-culture-war-debate-pits-modern-art-against-old-masters-a-855704.html.

Zukin, Sharon. Loft Living: Culture and Capital in Urban Change. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

Downloads

Published

2020-06-25

How to Cite

Donelli, C. C., & Trimarchi, M. (2019). Where Is Berlin? Cultural Commons and Urban Policy Among Real and Virtual Walls. European Journal of Creative Practices in Cities and Landscapes, 2(2), 151–174. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2612-0496/9126